Linux查找文件之locate命令

1. locate命令简介

Linux locate命令用于查找符合条件的文档，他会去保存文档和目录名称的数据库内，查找合乎范本样式条件的文档或目录。速度非常快，但不是数据库只是缓存，并不是实时。如果是实时，请先更新数据库文件，执行命令updatedb，然后再查找。

2. 安装mlocate工具

以CentOS为例，最小化安装默认并不包含该组件：

[root@zcwyou ~]# yum -y install mlocate

有以下输出即可证明安装成功

总下载量：86 k
Installed size: 279 k
下载软件包：
mlocate-0.22.2-6.el6.x86_64.rpm | 86 kB 00:00
运行 rpm_check_debug
执行事务测试
事务测试成功
执行事务
正在安装 : mlocate-0.22.2-6.el6.x86_64 1/1
Verifying : mlocate-0.22.2-6.el6.x86_64 1/1

已安装:
mlocate.x86_64 0:0.22.2-6.el6

完毕！

3. 更新数据库

[root@zcwyou ~]# updatedb 

原理是更新文件信息数据库，CentOS7数据库的位置在/var/lib/locatedb，CentOS6数据库位置在/var/lib/mlocate/mlocate.db，这个数据库中含有本地所有文件信息。

4. 在数据库里查询文件信息

查找以tar.gz结尾的文件

[root@zcwyou ~]# locate *.tar.gz

查找结果

/root/wordpress-4.9.4-zh_CN.tar.gz

查找以exe结尾的文件

[root@zcwyou ~]# locate *.exe

查询结果

/opt/eff.org/certbot/venv/lib/python3.4/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distlib/t32.exe
/opt/eff.org/certbot/venv/lib/python3.4/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distlib/t64.exe
/opt/eff.org/certbot/venv/lib/python3.4/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distlib/w32.exe
/opt/eff.org/certbot/venv/lib/python3.4/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distlib/w64.exe
/opt/eff.org/certbot/venv/lib/python3.4/site-packages/setuptools/cli-32.exe
/opt/eff.org/certbot/venv/lib/python3.4/site-packages/setuptools/cli-64.exe
/opt/eff.org/certbot/venv/lib/python3.4/site-packages/setuptools/cli.exe
/opt/eff.org/certbot/venv/lib/python3.4/site-packages/setuptools/gui-32.exe
/opt/eff.org/certbot/venv/lib/python3.4/site-packages/setuptools/gui-64.exe
/opt/eff.org/certbot/venv/lib/python3.4/site-packages/setuptools/gui.exe
/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distlib/t32.exe
/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distlib/t64.exe
/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distlib/w32.exe
/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distlib/w64.exe
/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/pip-10.0.1-py2.6.egg/pip/_vendor/distlib/t32.exe
/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/pip-10.0.1-py2.6.egg/pip/_vendor/distlib/t64.exe
/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/pip-10.0.1-py2.6.egg/pip/_vendor/distlib/w32.exe
/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/pip-10.0.1-py2.6.egg/pip/_vendor/distlib/w64.exe
/usr/lib64/python2.6/distutils/command/wininst-6.0.exe
/usr/lib64/python2.6/distutils/command/wininst-7.1.exe
/usr/lib64/python2.6/distutils/command/wininst-8.0.exe
/usr/lib64/python2.6/distutils/command/wininst-9.0-amd64.exe
/usr/lib64/python2.6/distutils/command/wininst-9.0.exe
/usr/lib64/python3.4/distutils/command/wininst-10.0-amd64.exe
/usr/lib64/python3.4/distutils/command/wininst-10.0.exe
/usr/lib64/python3.4/distutils/command/wininst-6.0.exe
/usr/lib64/python3.4/distutils/command/wininst-7.1.exe
/usr/lib64/python3.4/distutils/command/wininst-8.0.exe
/usr/lib64/python3.4/distutils/command/wininst-9.0-amd64.exe
/usr/lib64/python3.4/distutils/command/wininst-9.0.exe